Abstract
The study aimed to determine the degree of empowerment education towards ex-migrant women in the economic field, to explore the use of remittance sent by emigrant women to their families, and to identify the role of ex-migrant women to educate the community. A mixed-method research approach was used to obtain comprehensive information with questionnaire and in-depth interview with 45 participants. The research was undertaken in Subang, West Java, Indonesia, which was chosen due to the large number of Indonesian workers. The results of the study showed that women, who have migrated overseas for work, obtained a lot of international education experience, especially in terms of economic empowerment, and as a result were able to undertake economic activities upon returning to their home, such as opening a small food stall, and working in small to medium enterprises making and selling handicrafts as well as teaching Arabic language. The research also showed that the use of remittance by the families of ex-migrant women generally takes the form of material (economic) for day-to-day need, tuition fee and investment. The research concluded that ex-migrant women appear to gain international education experience, economic and social empowerment and have a willingness to educate and share their experience in community activities such as mutual cooperation, social gathering, and also in Posyandu (local health center) activities. Continuous investment in skills has not been done entirely by ex-migrant women. The results of working abroad are still used to meet daily needs.
Highlights
Migration is considered to be the act of people to move from one area to others and it could be moving across the country
The findings of the study showed that there are three main results of this research. It could be divided into three main parts, which are women workers economic empowerment after migration, the use of remittance from abroad, and how local communities are empowered by women workers after migration
The results showed that trading and teaching Arabic language are considered to be the main women workers economic empowerment in Subang after migration
Summary
Migration is considered to be the act of people to move from one area to others and it could be moving across the country. It takes place from people leaving in developing countries and move to developed nations (Hamano, 2014). They leave their home countries including their families for some purposes, but mostly it is due to financial reasons (Kageyama, 2008; Kelman & Khan, 2012). They intend to gain an international education experience abroad. The woman migration has been considered to be the trend for people living in developing nations
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