The development of green finance in the EAEU countries based on the assessment of the liquidity of green bonds

Abstract

The subject of the study is the liquidity of green bonds in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union as an important investment characteristic of a financial instrument for non-institutional investors and the development of green finance in the EAEU countries. The author analyzes the liquidity of green bonds traded on the Moscow Stock Exchange in the context of groups of liquidity indicators: urgency (time), volume and transaction costs proposed by domestic and foreign authors and whose application has been experimentally tested in the scientific literature. The factors influencing the liquidity of green bonds, the interrelation of liquidity indicators are considered, the main tools for stimulating supply and demand for green bonds in the EAEU countries and their applicability in the Russian Federation are highlighted. The paper provides grouping and rating of green bonds by liquidity levels. To calculate the liquidity levels, data is collected using the methods of the Moscow Exchange Information and Statistical Server on the specification of financial instruments, the history of transactions on it for the date interval and for the last trading day. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the Russian green bond market has a cluster of illiquid bonds, the feature of which is the placement of bonds on the market until 2020. Stimulating demand for green bonds is possible by expanding the practice of sub-federal green loans, including through development institutions, together with an active policy of informing about the issue of green bonds. The imbalance in the volume of transactions and their frequency can be offset, among other things, by increasing the participation of non-institutional investors in debt green financing. Potentially successful is the placement of federal green bond loans in the Russian Federation based on the experience of issuing green government bonds in the Republic of Belarus and the exemption of individuals from taxation on personal income from the sale and repayment of green bonds in order to increase demand for green bonds. Increasing the liquidity of green bonds and the growth of their market volume through the implementation of the proposed measures will allow for positive effects on the socio-economic development of the EAEU countries: on the environmental situation, the sector of collective investments and the welfare of citizens.