The development of fertilizer application technology and the structure of the fleet

Abstract

Intensive and industrial technologies are based on the effective use of chemicals. However, its capabilities are far from being fully utilized. The shortage of grain crops cultivated by intensive technologies was largely predetermined by the low level of organization of agrochemical work. A successful increase in the effectiveness of the use of all types of fertilizers and chemical plant protection products is possible only on the basis of an integrated quality management system for technological processes (IQMS TP), which includes interrelated organizational, technological and social activities. The technological process of using solid organic fertilizers is a set of technological operations for the preparation of fertilizers (composts), their loading, transportation and incorporation into the soil, i.e. complex system. The efficiency indicators for it are the uneven distribution of nutrients over the entire cultivated area and the dose of fertilizers. Given that the complete identification of the technological process is a complex task, in this paper authors restrict themselves to establishing functional relationships between indicators of the second, third, and fourth levels. The need to establish a connection between these levels is due, first of all, to the fact that the quality of the technological process of using fertilizers in a production environment is determined mainly by the operations of their preparation and application, which can be controlled and managed. To justify the technological tolerances for performing these operations, authors first established a functional relationship between indicators characterizing the quality of distribution of nutrients in the mass of fertilizers and the distribution of their physical mass throughout the field to be processed, and complex indicators of the quality of distribution of nutrients in the same field. According to the compost preparation operation, dependencies are established between such input indicators as the quality of the initial components (humidity, density, fractional composition), their ratio, and the output: humidity, density and fractional composition of the obtained fertilizer, quality of distribution of nutrients in the mass. As technological constants and parameters the dependence should also include the preparation time, energy consumption for preparation and other indicators. These data are necessary to optimize the preparation operation and the entire technological process.