Abstract
Oncological diseases belong to the most serious illnesses with high mortality. The most common cancer in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is important to develop diagnostic methods that will be able to detect this disease in early stage. One of the possible options can be non-invasive diagnostics using the biosensors based on nucleic acid aptamers. Aptamer recognizes the surface markers on the membrane of cancer cells with the high binding affinity. Biosensors based on aptamers with redox markers are among the most sensitive experimental tools of this type. We developed and optimized the redox-labeled electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of Jurkat leukemia cells. The aptamers specific to the protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), which is important membrane protein cancer marker that is overexpressed in Jurkat cells were used. We compared the sensitivity of aptasensors for aptamers modified either by methylene blue (MB) and ferrocene carboxylic acid (Fc), respectively. Both aptasensors were tested in the presence of Jurkat cells at concentration range 50–5000 cells/mL using differential pulse voltammetry. In both cases the comparable sensitivity was obtained with limit of detection: 37 ± 6 cells/mL for Fc-labeled aptamers and 38 ± 8 cells/mL for MB-labeled aptamers based on 3.3S/N (signal to noise) rule. The interaction of the sensing surface with control U266 cells was less significant.
Highlights
The noninvasive early diagnosis of a cancer and monitoring of its progress may increase the chance of successful treatment
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive form of leukemia that originates in a single B- or T-lymphocyte progenitor
We explored the DNA aptamers modified by redox probes to design the electrochemical sensor
Summary
The noninvasive early diagnosis of a cancer and monitoring of its progress may increase the chance of successful treatment. Cancer of blood including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma is one of the most common types of cancers [1]. The disease is most common in children but can occur at any age. 80% of children and 35% of adults can expect longterm leukemia-free survival, and probable cure, following intensive therapy on contemporary protocols. The standard and representative assays for the detection of PTK7 protein are real-time quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA kit [2]. These methods are, time-consuming, multi-steps and expensive tests. ELISA is an important immunoassay to detect various disease protein biomarkers and pathogens with the Proceedings 2020, 00, x; doi: FOR PEER REVIEW www.mdpi.com/journal/proceedings
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