The Development of Cytogenetic Maps for Malaria Mosquitoes.

Gleb Artemov,Vladimir Stegniy,Maria Sharakhova,Igor Sharakhov

doi:10.3390/insects9030121

Gleb Artemov, Vladimir Stegniy + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9030121

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Journal: Insects	Publication Date: Sep 17, 2018
Citations: 11	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: National Research Tomsk State University

Abstract

Anopheline mosquitoes are important vectors of human malaria. Next-generation sequencing opens new opportunities for studies of mosquito genomes to uncover the genetic basis of a Plasmodium transmission. Physical mapping of genome sequences to polytene chromosomes significantly improves reference assemblies. High-resolution cytogenetic maps are essential for anchoring genome sequences to chromosomes as well as for studying breakpoints of chromosome rearrangements and chromatin protein localization. Here we describe a detailed pipeline for the development of high-resolution cytogenetic maps using polytene chromosomes of malaria mosquitoes. We apply this workflow to the refinement of the cytogenetic map developed for Anopheles beklemishevi.

Highlights

Mosquito species within the Anopheles genus are the only vectors of human malaria, which caused approximately half a million deaths in 2017 [1]
High-quality images of the chromosomes with typical banding patterns, chromosome edge profiles, and centromere and telomere ends are included in a chromosome map
The main regions 6A–6B in the 2R arm and regions 15A–16A in the 2L arm

Summary

Introduction

Mosquito species within the Anopheles genus are the only vectors of human malaria, which caused approximately half a million deaths in 2017 [1]. There are 444 species of Anopheles that differ by the ability to transmit Plasmodium [2]. The genetic basis of such differences in vector status is still under investigation [3,4,5]. Whole-genome sequencing and the comparative study of the genomes are the most powerful approaches to better understanding of vector competence and its evolution [3,6]. Genome sequencing alone cannot achieve chromosome-level assemblies, which are important for further genome analysis. Physical mapping of the genome can anchor scaffolds to polytene chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and can map up to 97% of a genome sequence to chromosomes [6,7]

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Conclusion