Abstract
Many small research reactors used as neutron sources are being shut down. To replace them, new facilities are being developed. In particular, compact accelerator-based neutron sources can take up many of the activities previously supported by reactor-based facilities.
Highlights
During the 1950s and 1960s, numerous laboratories and universities built and operated several dozens of research and test reactors
Most have offered materials irradiation and activation analysis facilities, beams for neutron cross section measurements, and capabilities for medical and industrial isotope production. They provided for reactor physics tests and included arrays of instruments for slow-neutron scattering research
About 15 neutron summer schools established in those times, as well as new ones coming into being, train students in the use of the local facilities and for entering research facilities at the major (~ 1015 – 1017 n/cm2-sec) neutron sources based on fission
Summary
During the 1950s and 1960s, numerous laboratories and universities built and operated several dozens of research and test reactors (distinguished from power reactors). Most have offered materials irradiation (neutron damage) and activation analysis facilities, beams for neutron cross section measurements, and capabilities for medical and industrial isotope production They provided for reactor physics tests and included arrays of instruments for slow-neutron scattering research. They supported nuclear data and nuclear astrophysics measurements and still more applications such as the following: materials science neutron scattering studies of atomic structures and motions, neutron-induced radiation damage in power reactor materials, cross sections for design and production of medical isotope production systems, and cross sections for neutron-modulated nuclear reactions relevant to astrophysical isotope production Around most of these reactors grew programs of nuclear science education, small-source technology (especially moderator development relevant to both small and large sources), reactor physics tests, neutron physics and materials science instrumentation development, neutron detector improvements, radiation applications, and training. FACILITY NAME Ford Nuclear Reactor [5] Breazeale Nuclear Reactor, PSBR Berliner Experimentier Reaktor II, BER II CP-5
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