Abstract

To understand experiences in the development of communication skills and the teacher's role in this teaching-learning process under the perspective of undergraduate nursing students by considering two types of curriculum organization. Descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted in two public schools located in São Paulo state, Brazil. Data were collected by means of self-completed forms from 81 students in the second and fourth years of the undergraduate program. Results were analyzed in light of Content Analysis. Results showed that the development of such skills is related to: students' individual characteristics, patients' characteristics, those of the health-disease process, the health-care team's profile and the theoretical knowledge acquired on communication in health-care provision and nursing. The teacher's role was perceived as one that supports and encourages interactions with patients and health-care teams by teaching and providing orientation about interpersonal communication. Students identify and value the importance of their teachers' performance in the development and acquisition of communication skills. Additionally, students who experience active teaching-learning methodologies acknowledge the teacher as essential to provide opportunities for students to express their knowledge and thoughts. Compreender, sob a ótica de graduandos de enfermagem, as experiências no desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas e a atuação do professor neste processo de ensino-aprendizagem, considerando dois tipos de organização curricular. Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em duas instituições de ensino públicas, situadas no interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A coleta dos dados foi realizada pelo autopreenchimento de formulário por 81 alunos de segundo e quartos anos da graduação. Os resultados foram analisados à luz da Análise de Conteúdo. Revelaram que o desenvolvimento desta habilidade está relacionado à: características individuais dos alunos, dos pacientes, do processo saúde-doença, perfil da equipe e dos conhecimentos teóricos sobre comunicação em saúde e em enfermagem. O papel do professor foi percebido apoiando e incentivando as interações com pacientes e equipes de saúde e ensinando e orientando sobre comunicação interpessoal. Os alunos identificam e valorizam a importância da atuação de seus professores no desenvolvimento e aquisição de habilidades comunicativas. Além disso, os estudantes que vivenciaram as metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem reconhecem o docente essencial para oportunizar a expressão de conhecimentos e pensamentos dos alunos.

Highlights

  • Nursing care is expressed through interpersonal relationships and it includes forms of communication

  • In our study, emerging results indicate that the personal characteristics of students significantly influence the development of communication skills, emphasizing the importance of considering the individuality of the subjects when studying relational processes

  • This study showed that students perceive themselves, because they could report easy and difficult aspects in the development of communication skills, they are developing self-knowledge, which, from the perspective of theoretical communication, is essential for care

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Summary

Introduction

Nursing care is expressed through interpersonal relationships and it includes forms of communication. Nurses welcome the patient, know his/her fears, anxieties, feelings, and health needs. In order to do that, there is a need for nurses to invest in communication skills, decoding the meaning of the messages being sent, and establishing a plan of care that is appropriate to and consistent with the patient’s needs[1]. A study on the teaching of communication in the nursing curricula shows that both students and faculty members value the communication competencies for safe, quality practice. The undergraduate curriculum is critical to the development of this competence, it is necessary to structure relational components within the undergraduate nursing courses [3]

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