The development of CAR design for tumor CAR-T cell therapy.

Dandan Xu,Jingyuan Song,Weiyu Gu,Yanyun Chong,Guoliang Jin,Xiaowan Zhou,Junnian Zheng,Dafei Chai

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.24179

Dandan Xu, Jingyuan Song + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.24179

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Abstract

In recent years, the chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (Chimeric antigen receptor T cells, CAR-T) immunotherapy has developed rapidly, which has been considered the most promising therapy. Efforts to enhance the efficacy of CAR-based anti-tumor therapy have been made, such as the improvement of structures of CAR-T cells, including the development of extracellular antigen recognition receptors, intracellular co-stimulatory molecules and the combination application of CARs and synthetic small molecules. In addition, effects on the function of the CAR-T cells that the space distance between the antigen binding domains and tumor targets and the length of the spacer domains have are also being investigated. Given the fast-moving nature of this field, it is necessary to make a summary of the development of CAR-T cells. In this review, we mainly focus on the present design strategies of CAR-T cells with the hope that they can provide insights to increase the anti-tumor efficacy and safety.

Highlights

Today the risk to develop cancer is quite high and the number of tumor patients is still even increasing [1, 2]
Efforts to enhance the efficacy of CARbased anti-tumor therapy have been made, such as the improvement of structures of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-T cells, including the development of extracellular antigen recognition receptors, intracellular co-stimulatory molecules and the combination application of CARs and synthetic small molecules
We mainly focus on the present design strategies of CAR-T cells with the hope that they can provide insights to increase the anti-tumor efficacy and safety

Summary

Introduction

Today the risk to develop cancer is quite high and the number of tumor patients is still even increasing [1, 2]. Efforts to enhance the efficacy of CARbased anti-tumor therapy have been made, such as the improvement of structures of CAR-T cells, including the development of extracellular antigen recognition receptors, intracellular co-stimulatory molecules and the combination application of CARs and synthetic small molecules. These CAR-T cells can distinctively and effectively recognize tumors, mitigate antigen escape and have shown enhanced persistence in the presence of the both targets.

Results

Conclusion