Abstract
To develop tissue-engineered arteries (TEAs) with collateral arteries(CAs) in ischemic hind limb goat models(IHLMs). The IHLMs created by removing femoral arteries were divided into non-treated control group(NG); non-catheter group (NCG) in which TEA was anastomosed to external iliac artery(EIA), and surrounded with collagen sponge containing autologous MSCs and VEGF-gelatin microspheres, the distal end of TEA was ligated; catheter group(CG) which received the same procedure as NCG, also received heparin infusion through catheter in EIA. TEA patency was assessed weekly by Ultrasound. The TEA and CAs were assessed by angiography, gross examination, histology and electron microscopy. In CG, TEAs remained patent for 1 month, but became partly occluded 1 week after catheter withdrawn. In NCG, TEAs were occluded 1 week after implantation. Angiography demonstrated that communication between CAs arising from the TEAs and the native vessels was established in both groups. NCG had fewer CAs than CG (P < 0.01). At 40 days, TEAs in CG demonstrated of endothelium formation, smooth muscle cells infiltration and collagen regeneration. The CG had more capillaries and mature vessels in adventia of TEAs than NCG (P < 0.01). CG group also had more vessels around TEAs than NCG (P < 0.01) or NG (P < 0.001).
Highlights
To develop tissue-engineered arteries (TEAs) with collateral arteries(CAs) in ischemic hind limb goat models(IHLMs)
After revascularization has been induced with the administration of angiogenic factors, what will be the source of blood supply to the new collateral vessels?
All nanosized decellularized artery scaffolds (NDAs) retained their original shape in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
Summary
To develop tissue-engineered arteries (TEAs) with collateral arteries(CAs) in ischemic hind limb goat models(IHLMs). The administration of VEGF and bFGF have demonstrated beneficial results in reversing ischemia and improving regional blood perfusion in extremities in both animal and clinical trials[11] Growth factors such as VEGF or bFGF have poor stability in vivo and short-lasting biological activity[12]. Arthur Vineberg dissected the internal thoracic artery from the chest wall, ligated the distal end, and pulled it into a tunnel created in the superficial myocardium[17]. He found that the artery sprouted new collateral vessels that connected with the native myocardial blood vessels[18]. The Vineberg operation has been used as a last resort in patients with diffuse atheromatous lesions who are unsuited for direct revascularization with methods such as angioplasty, stenting, and bypass surgery[19]
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