The Development of an Athletic Performance Predictive Genetic Test

Abstract

Background: Genetic factors play an important role in the performance of athletes. There are known gene variations that contribute to athletic endurance or muscle performance, while other variations influence the susceptibility to injuries or Body Mass Index (BMI). Objectives: The aim of this project is to develop a comprehensive molecular genetic predictive test which, employs the analysis of multiple specific gene variations and can be applied to young children to assist in the choice of the appropriate sport and the preparation of an athlete. Methods: 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) clustered in24 genes and known to be associated with athletic performance were selected. The genotyping is by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using TaqMan assay technology with probe and multiple primer chemistry. This was applied to 10 anonymous DNA samples to assess the adequacy of the test and to choose controls for future sample genotyping. Genotypes were validated by direct resequencing. Results: Genotypes were generated for 31 SNPs for the 10 DNA samples and validated by resequencing. All RT-PCR results (repeated twice for confirmation) were consistent with the resequencing results. Conclusions: We have developed a panel of 31 SNPs reported in the literature to play a role in athletic ability and performance. The panel serves as battery for predictive tests that can predict susceptibility to injuries, as well. The genotyping can be done in mass and the genotyping of the whole panel is cost permissive. This test can be applied to young promising athletes to guide in the choice of the sport and in their preparation and training. Furthermore, the panel can be utilized to guide older athletes, to improve their training and avoid injuries.