The development of an adaptive response of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> to genotoxicity of alkyl(aryl)sulfurnyl 1,2,4-triazoles

Abstract

The widespread use of triazoles in agriculture as retardants has led to the need to investigate the possible mutagenic effects of these compounds on natural ecosystems adjacent to agrocoenoses. Model experiments were set up to investigate the ability to induce dominant lethal mutations by synthesized triazoles: 1,2,4-triazole: (1,2,4-triazole (1,2,4-TrH), N-triazolid methanesulfonic acid (CH₃SO₂TrH), N-triazolid benzene sulfonic acid (PhSO₂1,2,4-Tr) and N-triazolid toluene sulfonic acid (4-CH₃ ArSO₂1,2,4-Tr) in Drosophila melanogaster adults. The possibility of developing an adaptive response to these compounds in Drosophila melanogaster was studied. A relationship between the structure and physicochemical properties of the studied alkyl(aryl)sulfonyl 1,2,4-triazoles and their mutagenicity was analyzed. A series was constructed in which mutagenicity for Drosophila adults decreases in the following order: CH₃SO₂TrH 1,2,4-TrH PhSO₂1,2,4-TrH 4-CH₃ArSO₂1,2,4-TrH, both when exposed to non-toxic doses of substances (0,001 mg/ml concentration) and when exposed to compounds at a dose of LD₅₀. It has been established that a short-term (within a day) preliminary action on adults by nontoxic doses (0,0001 mg/ml) followed by action on the same adults by these substances in LD₅₀ dose causes an adaptive response only in females of Drosophila melanogaster. Long-term exposure (the entire larval life period of drosophila) to a nontoxic dose and then repeated exposure of the same Drosophila melanogaster adults to the same compounds at the LD₅₀ dose caused a significant decrease in the number of induced dominant lethalities in females as well as in drosophila males. Consequently, the adaptive response developed only in tissues with an active cell division. It is supposed that the repair mechanisms leading to the development of an adaptive response in adults and larvae are different.