Abstract
Abstract A new partially averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) closure is derived based on the k−kL (KSKL) model. The aim of this new model is to incorporate the desirable features of the KSKL model, compared to the k−ω shear stress transport model, into the PANS framework. These features include reduced eddy-viscosity levels, a lower dependency on the cell height at the wall, well-defined boundary conditions, and improved iterative convergence. As well as the new model derivation, the paper demonstrates that these desirable features are indeed maintained, for a range of modeled-to-total turbulence kinetic energy ratios (fk), and even for multiphase flow.
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