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Abstract
The study has revealed that the process of obtaining a magnetically operated biosorbent depends on the medium pH, the strength of the permanent magnetic field of the installation for multivortical MHD stirring, the ratio of the mass of the nanosized magnetite to the yeast S. cerevisiae, and the process duration. The isotherms of copper cations sorption by magnetically operated biosorbents were obtained depending on the production duration. Tests were conducted to determine the magnetic susceptibility of the magnetically operated biosorbents. The experiment results provide conclusions on the optimal parameters of the magnetically operated biosorbent production in terms of biosorption characteristics. The study has disclosed an optimal magnetically operated biosorbent of copper cations based on the yeast S. cerevisiae under the following parameters of the production process: the external permanent magnetic field – 240 kA/m, the medium pH=2.5 with adding nitric acid according to previous studies, the ratio of the magnetite Fe 3 O 4 to the yeast biomass – 1 % w/w, the duration of preparing the sorbent – 2 minutes, and the maximum sorption capacity – 25.5±0.5 mg Cu 2+ /g of the biosorbent dry mass. The conducted tests have proved an opportunity to make biosorption by the yeast S. cerevisiae, and it is possible to remove the waste biosorbent by high gradient magnetic separation. The optimal conditions of production and the effectiveness of both the sorption capacity and the magnetic susceptibility make it possible to develop an efficient technology of wastewater cleaning from heavy metal cations.
Highlights
Numerous studies have been devoted to the research on a possible use of biosorption of heavy metal cations by the yeast S. cerevisiae [1,2,3,4] and by magnetically operated yeasts – with the attached nanoscale magnetic labels of Fe3O4 [5]
The sorption capacity of magnetically labeled yeast cells obtained by MHD stirring is not reduced in comparison to the native yeast sorption capacity [9], and the value is approximately 25.5 mg Cu2+/g of the dry mass under optimal biosorption conditions [10]
The degree of extracting copper cations by a magnetically operated biosorbent that was prepared for 10 min of multivortical MHD stirring, with the mass ratio of the magnetic labels to the yeast being 1 %, is 80 %
Summary
The development and use of magnetically operated biosorbents for biosorption of heavy metals is an urgent problem today. Numerous studies have been devoted to the research on a possible use of biosorption of heavy metal cations (for example, of copper, iron, and chromium) by the yeast S. cerevisiae [1,2,3,4] and by magnetically operated yeasts – with the attached nanoscale magnetic labels of Fe3O4 [5]. It has been found that, when using MHD stirring to obtain complexes of a yeast cell-magnetic labels, the nanomagnetite that is attached to the yeast cells virtually does not reduce the mass-transfer surface. The results of the literature review have showed that the sorption capacity, the degree of removing heavy metal cations and the magnetic susceptibility of complexes may differ significantly, depending on the method of attaching magnetic labels. Pole pieces have a larger area than the base of the reactor to reduce the heterogeneity of the constant magnetic field H0 on the borders of the system workspace
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