The development of a fuzzy tilt integral derivative controller based on the sailfish optimizer to solve load frequency control in a microgrid, incorporating energy storage systems

Abstract

In recent years, the increasing use of distributed generation technologies in the form of MicroGrids (MGs) has raised the risk of frequency instability. Since, the total energy is derived from unreliable renewable energy resources (RESs). In such cases, offering an MG model with an efficient load frequency control (LFC) is critical for restoring the unstructured power system stability. This research looks into a LFC design for a multi area MGs with renewable energy resources. The suggested Fuzzy based Tilt-integral-derivative (FTID) controller parameters are optimized using the Sailfish Optimizer (SFO) to solve the load frequency control (LFC) problem. The optimum range fuzzy membership and Tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller gains are determined by minimizing the fitness function, i.e integral time absolute error (ITAE). For an MMG complete system, a SFO-based FTID controller has been proposed. Load fluctuations, wind speed variations, and sun irradiation are all included in the scenarios, which are based on real-world data. Finally, using OPAL-RT, a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is performed to confirm the applicability of the proposed controller for the LFC problem in the MG from a systemic perspective.