The development logic and future mission of open science

Abstract

<p indent="0mm">Open science has become a trend in the international academic community, which will set off a new technological revolution. However, what is open science? Why is open science needed? How to achieve open science? At present, there are still some differences in the cognition of open science related issues. It is necessary to sort out the development logic of open science from a higher position, more systematic and holistic perspective, analyze its scientific connotation, and deconstruct its missions and tasks. After more than <sc>20 years</sc> of evolution, open science has formed a unique logical system and scientific category. (1) From the perspective of appearance logic, science has a natural public attribute, and the sharing of scientific achievements, the voice of public participation in science, the improvement of scientific research efficiency and the response to global common challenges all require a more open scientific ecology. (2) From the perspective of theoretical logic, scholars’ definition of open science has changed from narrow and abstract to broad and concrete, and the boundary between open objects and open areas has been continuously extended. However, the research on the theoretical and practical route of open mode is still in the exploratory stage. (3) From the perspective of value logic, the value of open science to the development of science and technology and social progress continues to expand, including the discovery and dissemination of truth through openness and sharing, and the promotion of a virtuous circle of scientific research. (4) From the perspective of practical logic, leading from Europe, a series of open science reform initiatives have been launched around the world, mainly including open science policies, open infrastructures, and open science evaluation. Based on the logical examination, open science will promote earth-shaking changes in knowledge sharing mechanism, scientific organization paradigm, scientific resource allocation mode and scientific evaluation system, and it undertakes particularly important missions and tasks. First of all, it is not easy to realize the missions of open science. It faces many challenges due to the inherent development paradigm of science, conflicts among multi-stakeholders, data security, intellectual property rights and ethics. Moreover, the transition to open science is a multi-level and multi-stage systematic project. It is necessary to establish a decision support system, build an open science culture, and realize the opening of scientific resources and the whole process of science from three aspects: System guarantee, concept opening and scientific opening. In addition, the achievement of open science goals and tasks requires the joint efforts of multiple stakeholders, including scientific communities, funding agencies, academic institutions, publishing institutions, libraries, and the public. In terms of organization, open science practice includes open sharing practice and open innovation practice, whose development and optimization need to be empowered by emerging technologies. By analyzing the problems and challenges in the development of open science in China, combined with the national conditions to make recommendations, China should: (1) Promote the construction of new scientific evaluation and incentive mechanism guided by top-level design; (2) construct multiparty collaborative open science organization system driven by scientific needs; (3) strengthen platform construction, empower open science organization paradigm with emerging technologies; (4) take global governance as the mission and promote the construction of a new pattern of open science national cooperation.