Abstract
This paper presents the system modeling, control strategy design, and hardware-in-the-loop test for a series-parallel hybrid electric bus. First, the powertrain mathematical models and the system architecture were proposed. Then an adaptive ECMS is developed for the real-time control of a hybrid electric bus, which is investigated and verified in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system. The ECMS through driving cycle recognition results in updating the equivalent charge and discharge coefficients and extracting optimized rules for real-time control. This method not only solves the problems of mode transition frequently and improves the fuel economy, but also simplifies the complexity of control strategy design and provides new design ideas for the energy management strategy and gear-shifting rules designed. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed real-time A-ECMS can coordinate the overall hybrid electric powertrain to optimize fuel economy and sustain the battery SOC level.
Highlights
In recent years, vehicle fuel consumption and air pollution emissions have attracted growing attention
This paper presents the system modeling, control strategy design, and hardware-in-the-loop test for a series-parallel hybrid electric bus
A real-time equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) was developed for a series-parallel hybrid electric bus, and a HIL simulation system was constructed for energy management strategy investigation and verification in this study
Summary
Vehicle fuel consumption and air pollution emissions have attracted growing attention. The improvements in fuel economy and the reductions in emissions of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) mainly depend upon the energy management strategy (EMS); substantial research efforts have been carried out. The equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is the most commonly used optimization method for real-time HEV energy management [15,16,17] It is considered as suboptimal control method for HEV, since the fuel economy deviation between ECMS and DP control algorithm was verified to be less than 1.2% [18]. This way the simulator can test the ECU’s reaction to specific situations, and you can move tedious, expensive, and sometimes even dangerous driving tests from the actual vehicle into the laboratory [21] In this way, the control functions and performance of the HCU of the series-parallel hybrid bus can be tested and improved
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