Abstract
As an important endocrine organ of the human, the adrenal cortex is responsible for the synthesis of various steroids. It is important to maintain pregnancy, promote fetal growth and nervous system development. Moreover, it is also important for the growth and development of the fetus after birth. Abnormal functional development of the adrenal cortex will induce the abnormal synthesis of steroid hormones and trigger the occurrence of related diseases. In this review, we discuss the morphological and functional development of fetal adrenal cortex and its regulatory factors in humans and rodents.
Highlights
It is known that the adrenal glands include outer cortex and inner medulla, which come from different embryonic development layers respectively
Not found in the development of adrenal gland of rats with fetus, and the results suggest that exist in the rat adrenal gland and zoning, called Undifferentiated belt (Undifferentiated Zone), the belt does not express steroid enzyme, preliminary considered by the differentiation of the centrality of migration, and maintain the adrenal cortex function, may be the stem cells [18]
Fetal adrenal gland development is mainly regulated by the pituitary anterior lobe adrenocortical hormone ACTH in addition to the growth factor, intracellular receptor (SF-1, DAX-1), and the effect of placental hormone
Summary
It is known that the adrenal glands include outer cortex and inner medulla, which come from different embryonic development layers respectively. It is of great significance to maintain pregnancy and promote fetal growth and nervous system development. It is important for the growth and development of the fetus after birth. The normal development of the adrenal gland during the fetal period is the key to determine the maturation and destiny of the fetus [1] [2] [3] [4]. Abnormal development of the adrenal cortex can lead to metabolic disorders of electrolytes and carbohydrates, leading to circulatory failure, hypoglycemic coma and death
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