Abstract
The development and application of genome editing technology in ruminants: a review
Highlights
Gene-edited ruminants have a potentially broad range of applications in the improvement of product quality and animal welfare, the enhancement of disease resistance and the production of biomedical materials[1,2,3,4]
The latest genome editing technology exploited as a powerful tool for identifying gene function and curing genetic diseases[15] relies on site-specific engineered endonucleases (EENs), including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 nucleases, triggering efficient DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at target sites[16] and DSBs mediated gene knockin (KI), knockout (KO), or substitution via intracellular DNA damage repair pathways[17]
Once the guide sequence in singleguide RNA (sgRNA) is complementary to the target DNA, the RuvC and HNH nuclease domains will be allosterically activated to cleave the target DNA at a site three base-pairs downstream of protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and subsequently produce a DSB[15,44]
Summary
Gene-edited ruminants have a potentially broad range of applications in the improvement of product quality and animal welfare, the enhancement of disease resistance and the production of biomedical materials[1,2,3,4]. SCNT based cloning technology transfers a somatic cell known to carry and/or silence the gene of interest to an enucleated oocyte, and through electrofusion and chemical activation to obtain reconstructed embryos with a predictable offspring genotype and reliable efficiency[14]. The latest genome editing technology exploited as a powerful tool for identifying gene function and curing genetic diseases[15] relies on site-specific engineered endonucleases (EENs), including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas nucleases, triggering efficient DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at target sites[16] and DSBs mediated gene knockin (KI), knockout (KO), or substitution via intracellular DNA damage repair pathways[17]. Eng. 2020, 7(2): 171–180 ruminants and the structure and characteristics of EENs and provide an overview in detail of the application of genome editing technology to inspire further solutions for efficient and precise gene modification in ruminants
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
