Abstract
Abstract The well-known technique of flame atomic absorption has the advantages of being easy to use, easy to interpret, and having good detection limits. It is unfortunate but true that the levels of metallic elements in many types of waters are easily high enough to be directly analyzed by the flame. However, in many other cases, better detectabilities are required. The HGA-2000 Graphite Furnace provides an improvement in detection limits up to 1000 times compared to the flame, and many samples can be analyzed with no pre-treat-ment. Natural waters are determined particularly easily by this technique; sea water, because of its high salt content and low trace metal content, presents more difficulty but can also be analyzed. The high sensitivity of the furnace also makes it suitable for the determination of metallic elements in air samples, because only a limited amount of air need be impinged for a measurement. Elements can be determined in some solids, such as hairs, and in oil spills to help identify the source.
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