Abstract
Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the determination of five synthetic food dyes (Quinoline Yellow E104, Sunset Yellow E110, Ponceau 4R E124, Tartrazine E102 and Carmine E120) in vitamins was used. The dyes were analyzed within 10 min using a column with stationary phase C 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 40 °C with isocratic elution, and the mobile phase contained acetonitrile and a mixture of CH3COONa:CH3OH (85:15, v/v) in a ratio of 10:90 (v/v) for yellow-colored capsules and 20:80 (v/v) for red-colored capsules, respectively. A diode-array detector was used to monitor the dyes between 190 and 800 nm. It was established that the analyzed samples contained synthetic dyes in a concentration range from 79.5 ± 0.01 μg/capsule of Ponceau 4R, E124 to 524 ± 0.01 μg/capsule of Tartrazine, E102. The obtained results were compared with existing acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) for individual dyes. This paper provides information about the content of dyes in samples of vitamins. This information is not generally available to consumers.
Highlights
Vitamins constitute a significant group of essential substances [1,2]
The presence of the dyes in pharmaceutical products was evaluated in the samples of various vitamins
Ten samples of vitamins were obtained from the pharmacy in order to analyze
Summary
Vitamins constitute a significant group of essential substances [1,2]. They are ordinarily ingested by the consumption of fruit and vegetables. In the case of different health problems, fruit and vegetables are replaced by a variety of pharmaceutical products. There are supplements containing one vitamin or multivitamin preparations at disposal. These products often comprise varied additives in order to modify taste, visual appearance, or shape of the product. The appearance of vitamin preparations is often modified by the addition of different dyes, thereby becoming more attractive for consumers [3,4]
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