The determination of asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and atopy prevalence in 9- to 11-year-old children in the city of Izmir

Abstract

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase II was designed to allow comparisons between populations in different countries and to investigate possible etiologic factors. This study was conducted to better delineate the prevalence and etiologic factors of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in Izmir (Turkey) and to be included in the international comparisons by using a standard methodology of ISAAC phase II. The questionnaire was distributed to 2112 students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades of 12 selected primary schools in urban and rural boroughs of Izmir. One thousand two hundred seventeen of these questionnaires were evaluated and physical examinations and skin-prick tests were performed on 1098 of these children. The prevalence values were 15.9% for recent wheezing and 4.8% for physician-diagnosed asthma. The prevalence of sneezing or runny or blocked nose in the past 12 months when the child did not have a cold or flu was 30%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 17%. The prevalence of an itchy rash that was coming and going for at least 6 months was 7.2% and the prevalence of physician-diagnosed eczema was 4.9%. Atopic sensitization prevalence in the population was 8.8% with house-dust mite sensitization being the most frequent one. Secretion rales and sibilant wheezing rhoncus were detected in 2.7% of children by chest auscultation. In 1.1% of children flexural dermatitis was detected. Objective tests are necessary for epidemiologic studies of the aforementioned diseases.