Abstract
The new theoretical method for the accurate determination of acidity of dilute solutions of weak multibasic organic acids (which are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, various branches of industry and participate in important biological processes in living organisms) is suggested. The concepts of the contributions of the separate dissociation steps to the [H+] value, xm, are used for an analysis of complex equilibria of the processes of dissociation of these acids. The cases of weak dibasic and tribasic organic acids with the “overlapping” dissociation equilibria and a general case of weak multibasic acids, HnA, are considered. From the conditions of equality of the concentrations of various ionized and non-ionized forms in the dilute solutions of weak multibasic organic acids the areas of dominance of these forms in connection with the corresponding xm values are formulated.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONWeak multibasic organic acids are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, chemical, food and cosmetic industries
The new theoretical method for the accurate determination of acidity of dilute solutions of weak multibasic organic acids is suggested
Weak multibasic organic acids are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, chemical, food and cosmetic industries
Summary
Weak multibasic organic acids are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, chemical, food and cosmetic industries. Some of these acids participate in a series of important biological processes occurring in living organisms (for example, in the Krebs cycle). The majority of drugs are weak acids and/or bases Their biopharmaceutical properties are directly connected with the dissociation constants and degrees of these compounds, with acidity of their solutions. The latter is the very factor which affects in physiological systems the rate at which the compound is able to diffuse across membranes and various obstacles, determines the acid-base homeostasis and enzyme kinetics in the cell and in the body. In this paper a new theoretical method for determination of acidity of the dilute (0.0001-0.1 mol·dm–3) solutions of such acids is suggested
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