Abstract
The Ukrainian Government started the process of EU water Directives implementation aimed at developing of the River Basin Management Plan for 9 main river catchments. The program SWAT was tested to simulate the water flow of a large plain river with a predominant snow supply. River discharges (12 gauges), snow cover depth (13 stations), and the soft data, including graphically defined surface runoff and MODIS evapotranspiration, were used to calibrate the model. The calibration flowchart, along with a detailed source data description, is proposed to aid with streamflow simulation for the snowmelt-driven watersheds and fill the existing gap of distributed hydrological modeling in the region. The main issues with snow simulation and climate data coverage are discussed. The program SUFI-2 in SWAT-CUP package was used for performing calibration/validation and uncertainty analysis. The statistics (R2, NSE, PBIAS) showed good agreement (NS > 0.7, R2 > 0.75, PBIAS < ±10%) for a major part of the gauges and satisfactory for all of them (NS > 0.5, R2 > 0.6, PBIAS < ±15%), except of two linked upstream outlets. This study provides the basis for further research on water resources, the impacts of climate change, and water quality issues.
Highlights
The public water supply as well as the planning of the development of enterprises, and their location closely depend on water availability
In Ukraine, the water supply per capita is equal to 1080 m3/year, which is below the optimal standard of 1700 m3/year proposed by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) (Yatsik, 2004)
In Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a watershed is divided into multiple subbasins, which are further subdivided into hydrologic response units (HRUs) that consist of unique land use, soil type, and slope
Summary
The public water supply as well as the planning of the development of enterprises, and their location closely depend on water availability. Within the territory of Ukraine, there are 9 big river basins. The total water resources of these basins on average are 94.1 km3/year, and taking into account the Danube flow - 209.8 km3/year. The whole country lacks a sufficient water supply. In Ukraine, the water supply per capita is equal to 1080 m3/year, which is below the optimal standard of 1700 m3/year proposed by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) (Yatsik, 2004). The insufficiency of the total water supply is compounded by an irregular distribution of water bodies along the territory, and over time. The southern and south-eastern regions, where the density of the population and manufacturing facilities reaches the maximum indices, have the smallest water supply capacities. Significant annual fluctuations of water flow and its longterm changes have a great impact on a hydrological budget of certain regions
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