The Design of Bandung Station Area Through Walkability Using Urban Network Analysis

Abstract

Walkability is a component of a liveable city; then, a liveable city will be able to improve the quality of life and encourage sustainable urban activities. There are two main aspects of forming a walkable city, namely the physical aspect and non-physical aspects. Bandung City Station is the epicenter of the movement pattern of the city, both seen in the macroscope and micro areas. This area has grown and developed beyond its capacity, giving rise to a motorized vehicle-oriented environment. This creates a lot of city problems. Some of them are areas that are not pedestrian-friendly. This study aims to design a pedestrian-friendly Bandung City Station area based on walkable city principles using Urban Network Analysis (UNA) as an analytical tool. Urban network analysis (UNA) is a software toolbox in ArcGIS software that can be used to describe spatial relationships in a built environment network. Spatial relationships include circulation routes, roads or connecting infrastructure, and building functions. As approached quantitatively, UNA predicts travel volume, route choice, and assessment of infrastructure utilization so that people can walk and cycle comfortably. The results of the UNA simulation show that the spatial characteristics of the region (urban design elements) influence pedestrian movement patterns. Land use and mass intensity of buildings and regional circulation patterns influence the accessibility index (reach index, gravity index, and straightness index) of a region. While the block pattern, the character of the building, and the character of the road network influence the number of trips in a corridor or intersection (betweenness index) and determine the level of isolation of a building (closeness index). By elaborating the results of the UNA analysis with city design elements, this study can determine the effect of urban design elements on pedestrian movement patterns and how planning and design can create a walkable environment.