The design, implementation and evaluation of hybrid cancer clinic simulations: Escaping the norm.

Abstract

Simulation and gamification are two popular educational tools utilized to enhance student learning and engagement. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating a hybrid cancer clinic simulation into the curricula for third-year pharmacy (P3) students. This prospective, single-arm pilot study incorporated a mixed-method learning activity involving patient simulation and escape room elements. Two cancer clinic simulations were developed by faculty members. For each clinic, students were randomly divided into 6 groups and tasked with completing a series of Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) activities involving patient actors. The PPCP activities were interwoven with engaging puzzles and games to simulate an escape room. Student learning and retention was measured by pre- and post-simulation quizzes and course level exams. A perceptions survey was administered after each simulation activity. Thirty-six students participated in both cancer clinic simulations, with 100% completing all aspects of the study. Mean student quiz scores improved from 61.4% to 81.7% (p < 0.0001) and 52.6% to 81.8% (p < 0.0001) following the first and second simulations, respectively. Exam performance improved for 16 out of 19 exam questions, with a significant increase in 4 questions (p < 0.05). Students overwhelmingly agreed that the cancer clinic simulations 1) reinforced knowledge, 2) facilitated PPCP, 3) improved their ability to make chemotherapeutic recommendations, 4) enhanced problem-solving skills, and 5) encouraged collaboration. This innovative hybrid simulation enhanced oncology-related knowledge and supported an interactive environment that improved student confidence and teamwork. Students enjoyed the simulations and recommended continuation for all future cohorts.