Abstract
This chapter presents a descriptivist account of references and names. This practice is derived from Bertrand Russell's view of proper names. The chapter notes that according to Russell, ordinary proper names are disguised as definite descriptions, in which the speaker relates to the name. The chapter points out that according to Russell, common words, even proper names, are usually descriptions. The thought in the mind of a person using a proper name correctly can usually only be expressed explicitly if the proper name is replaced by a description. For an actual reference to occur when using a proper name, the description that actually underlies the name must be true of the object to which reference is made.
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