Abstract
The R-matrix theory of nuclear reactions is extended off the energy shell. An isolated resonance in the off-shell reaction amplitude is described by a simple generalization of the Breit-Wigner formula. In going from on- to off-shell, a resonance generally changes its size and shape. In particular, when the single-particle widths are small, an on-shell resonance of arbitrary shape due to interference with the background, will always become symmetric off the energy shell.
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