The Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Zero/Nonzero Boundary Conditions: Inverse Scattering Transforms and N-Double-Pole Solutions

Abstract

We systematically report a rigorous theory of the inverse scattering transforms (ISTs) for the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS) equation with both zero boundary condition (ZBC)/non-zero boundary conditions (NZBCs) at infinity and double poles of analytical scattering coefficients. The scattering theories for both ZBC and NZBCs are addressed. The direct problem establishes the analyticity, symmetries and asymptotic behavior of the Jost solutions and scattering matrix, and properties of discrete spectra. The inverse problems are formulated and solved with the aid of the matrix Riemann-Hilbert problems, and the reconstruction formulae, trace formulae and theta conditions are also posed. In particular, the IST with NZBCs at infinity is proposed by a suitable uniformization variable, which allows the scattering problem to be solved on a standard complex plane instead of a two-sheeted Riemann surface. The reflectionless potentials with double poles for the ZBC and NZBCs are both carried out explicitly by means of determinants. Some representative semi-rational bright-bright soliton, dark-bright soliton, and breather-breather solutions are examined in detail. These results will be useful to further explore and apply the related nonlinear wave phenomena.