Abstract
An approach of deproteinization of polysaccharides from corn silk (CSPs) was established to improve the purity and activities of CSPs by investigating Sevag method, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method and HCl method. Deproteinization rate, polysaccharide retention rate, antioxidant activities and inhibition α-amylase effects were used as indicative mark to select suitable deproteinization method of CSPs. The crude CSPs was extracted by the hot water method. Results showed that TCA method had higher deproteinization rate and polysaccharide retention rate than that of Sevag method and HCl method, and the deproteinization optimum concentration of TCA was 4%. Under the optimized conditions, the deproteinization rate and polysaccharide retention rate were 53.68% and 64.13% respectively. In terms of antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory effects, TCA-deproteinized CSPs (T-CSPs) had stronger activities, followed by Sevag-deproteinized CSPs (S-CSPs) and HCl-deproteinized CSPs (H-CSPs). Form a conclusion, TCA method was a good way to remove protein.
Highlights
Corn silk (Stigma maydis) is the Stigma of Zea mays Line
The antioxidant activity of TCA-deproteinized CSPs (T-CSPs) decreased with the increase of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) concentration, which might be that too much TCA would destroy the structure of polysaccharides
The low deproteinization rate and polysaccharide retention rate of Sevag-deproteinized CSPs (S-CSPs) resulted in the lower purity of S-CSPs than that of T-CSPs, so the antioxidant activities of SCSPs was lower than that of T-CSPs
Summary
Corn silk (Stigma maydis) is the Stigma of Zea mays Line. In previous investigations of corn silk, it contains a variety of chemical constituents (He et al, 2012), such as volatile oil, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharide and organic acids. It was reported that the extracts of corn silk possessed extensive bioactivities including antihyperglycemic (Liu et al, 2002), antihypertensive, antioxidant (Chen et al, 2005) and immunomodulatory activity (Kim et al, 2004). It is necessary to find an effective method to remove proteins from crude polysaccharide extracts. The free proteins of polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica are usually removed by the Sevage method, the deproteinization rate was 32.21% and the polysaccharide retention rate was 92.82% (Zha, 2012). As the pH value of polysaccharide solution is 2 as adjusted by HCl, the results were the protein removal rate 88.9%, the polysaccharide retention rate 85.2% and the capacity of polysaccharide solution scavenging DPPH
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