The Demography of Aging in Bangladesh: A Scenario Analysis of the Consequences

Abstract

The older population is expected to increase globally both in terms of absolute and relative numbers and Bangladesh is no exception. In recent years, although Bangladesh has achieved considerable success in fertility reduction and gradual improvement in mortality, morbidity, human capital, and the economy, important questions remain: i) whether or not the debate on aging has really emerged as a demographic issue; ii) if so, what are the important issues that should be addressed? and iii) how should the country be prepared to face the challenges of aging in order to implement public policies? Therefore, the present article attempts to explore important issues of aging and their consequences in Bangladesh. The study uses data collected from a national representative primary source. The study provides some important findings. By now aging has emerged as a new demographic issue in Bangladesh as the absolute number of older people is very large and is expected to grow in the years to come. There will be more people widowed in old age. Despite recent socioeconomic changes, older people prefer to live with their loved ones, particularly married sons with grandchildren so they can spend time with them in later life. In turn, they also support families, both financially and voluntarily. The study also reveals that the traditional support system is gradually shifting downwards in Bangladesh and older people are seeking alternative financial and health care support from the government. Research is needed to understand the reality of older people, their well-being and security. People should be encouraged to support and accommodate their older parents or relatives as regular members of the family. The government should introduce an appropriate pension system and health insurance scheme to cover the vast majority of poor people who live in rural areas.