The Demographics of Canine Hip Dysplasia in the United States and Canada.

Randall T Loder,Rory J Todhunter

doi:10.1155/2017/5723476

Abstract

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common problem in veterinary medicine. We report the demographics of CHD using the entire hip dysplasia registry from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, analyzing differences by breed, sex, laterality, seasonal variation in birth, and latitude. There were 921,046 unique records. Each dog was classified using the American Kennel Club (AKC) and Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) systems. Statistical analysis was performed with bivariate and logistic regression procedures. The overall CHD prevalence was 15.56%. The OR for CHD was higher in females (1.05), those born in spring (1.14) and winter (1.13), and those in more southern latitudes (OR 2.12). Within AKC groups, working dogs had the highest risk of CHD (OR 1.882) with hounds being the reference group. Within FCI groups, the pinscher/molossoid group had the highest risk of CHD (OR 4.168) with sighthounds being the reference group. The similarities between CHD and DDH are striking. Within DDH there are two different types, the typical infantile DDH and the late onset adolescent/adult acetabular dysplasia, with different demographics; the demographics of CHD are more similar to the later onset DDH group. Comparative studies of both disorders should lead to a better understanding of both CHD and DDH.

Highlights

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a well-known disorder in veterinary medicine [1,2,3,4], especially amongst certain breeds
CHD was overall slightly more common in females, those born in spring and winter (Figure 1(a)), and those born in the more southern latitudes (Figure 1(b))
The prevalence of CHD by breeds in this study is very similar to that given on the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) website http://www.ofa.org, even though dogs outside of Canada or the USA were excluded in our study

Summary

Introduction

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a well-known disorder in veterinary medicine [1,2,3,4], especially amongst certain breeds. The human counterpart of CHD, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a well-known problem with differences in prevalence by race/ethnicity [5], analogous to breed differences in CHD. Comprehensive literature reviews of DDH have shown various demographic patterns regarding sex, laterality, latitude, and seasonal variation in birth month [5, 6]. There has been no study of the demographics of CHD using a large data set. The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographics of CHD using a large North American data base and analyze the differences by breed, sex, laterality, seasonal variation in birth, and latitude. Comparison with the demographics of DDH may shed further light on the etiology of both conditions and support the use of CHD as an animal model for DDH, as well as DDH pointing towards further comparative research areas in CHD

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