Abstract
A number of theorists identify the demand for female labor as a central determinant of gender inequality. The authors construct a measure of the demand for female labor and test its impact on labor market inequality, educational attainment, family structure, political representation, and gender role attitudes across 261 metropolitan areas. Areas with more traditional female occupational structures have less labor market and educational gender inequality. However, there is little evidence of a relationship between demand for female labor and family, politics, or gender attitudes. Macrolevel gender stratification theories may therefore have a scope that is too broad. Different gendered outcomes depend on different sets of causal influences.
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