Abstract
AbstractThe delayed ionospheric response is analyzed for two well‐defined 27‐day solar rotation periods in the year 2019 with solar radio flux index F10.7 and Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) data, like solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux proxy, O/N2 column density ratio and peak electron density, as well as International Global Navigation Satellite System Service rapid high‐rate total electron content (TEC) map data. Although the correlation between GOLD solar EUV flux proxy and TEC is similar to the correlation between F10.7 and TEC, it is shown that the estimated delays based on GOLD data are in much better agreement with recent studies using EUV measurements compared to the delays based on F10.7 data. The GOLD peak electron density correlates well with TEC and allows insight to a local time interval when the ionosphere is not controlled by solar activity changes (17:00 LT to 21:00 LT). The present study investigates the impact of the solar activity (F10.7, GOLD EUV flux proxy) and O/N2 column density ratio on the ionospheric delay for two representative solar rotation periods. The capabilities of GOLD data for future research on the ionospheric response to the 27‐day solar rotation period are demonstrated and discussed. These results are crucial information for precise ionospheric models and forecasts.
Highlights
The absorption of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation in the upper atmosphere defines the ionospheric plasma by ionization and heating and controls the neutral parts of the thermosphere (Kelley, 2009)
The present study investigates the impact of the solar activity (F10.7, Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) EUV flux proxy) and O/N2 column density ratio on the ionospheric delay for two representative solar rotation periods
There is an ongoing decrease of QEUV and solar EUV flux from April 2019 to July 2019 which is superimposed with stronger variations over shorter time periods
Summary
The absorption of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation in the upper atmosphere defines the ionospheric plasma by ionization and heating and controls the neutral parts of the thermosphere (Kelley, 2009). The delayed ionospheric response to the 27-day solar rotation period of the solar activity is explained by two major absorption processes of the upper atmosphere. The recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) mission Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) provides a set of new data products including a solar EUV flux proxy, the O/ N2 column density ratio and the peak electron density. This combination of measurements is of interest for the analysis of the ionospheric response time to the 27-day solar rotation period. F10.7 data are obtained from the NASA/GSFC's OMNI data set through the OMNIWeb interface (NASA, 2020)
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