Abstract
Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a widespread pathogen infecting legumes. The PSV strains are classified into four subgroups and some are defined by the association of satellite RNAs (satRNAs). In the case of PSV, the presence of satRNAs alters the symptoms of disease in infected plants. In this study, we elucidated the plant response to PSV-G strain, which occurs in natural conditions without satRNA. However, it was found that it might easily acquire satRNA, which exacerbated pathogenesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. To explain the mechanisms underlying PSV infection and symptoms exacerbation caused by satRNA, we carried out transcriptome profiling of N. benthamiana challenged by PSV-G and satRNA using species-specific microarrays. Co-infection of plants with PSV-G + satRNA increased the number of identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with the number identified in PSV-G-infected plants. In both treatments, the majority of up-regulated DEGs were engaged in translation, ribosome biogenesis, RNA metabolism, and response to stimuli, while the down-regulated DEGs were required for photosynthesis. The presence of satRNA in PSV-G-infected plants caused different trends in expression of DEGs associated with phosphorylation, ATP binding, and plasma membrane.
Highlights
Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a pathogen of plants, especially legumes, which belongs to genusCucumovirus [1,2,3,4,5]
Previous analyzes have shown that PSV-G can support satellite RNAs (satRNAs) replication, can acquire satRNA from neighboring plants infected by satRNA-associated PSV-strains (e.g., PSV-P), and that satRNA addition exacerbates PSV-G symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana plants [12,13]
PSV-G Induces Strong Plant Defense but Addition of satRNA Exacerbates Symptoms Expression and Enhances Transcriptional Reprogramming in Infected Plant
Summary
Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a pathogen of plants, especially legumes, which belongs to genusCucumovirus [1,2,3,4,5]. Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a pathogen of plants, especially legumes, which belongs to genus. The PSV genome consists of three (+)single-stranded RNAs and five open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the 1a and 2a components of the viral replicase, the movement protein, the coat protein (CP), and the 2b protein known as a viral silencing suppressor [6]. Viruses 2018, 10, 449 associate with satellite RNAs (satRNAs) [9,10,11]. PSV-G strain belongs to the PSV subgroup I and can infect a wide range of plants, causing severe mosaics and leaf malformations in many of them. Previous analyzes have shown that PSV-G can support satRNA replication, can acquire satRNA from neighboring plants infected by satRNA-associated PSV-strains (e.g., PSV-P), and that satRNA addition exacerbates PSV-G symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana plants [12,13]
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