Abstract
The N×N complex Hadamard matrices form a real algebraic manifold CN. We have CN=MN(T)∩NUN, and following Tadej and Życzkowski we investigate here the computation of the enveloping tangent space T∼HCN=THMN(T)∩THNUN, and notably of its dimension d(H)=dim(T∼HCN), called undephased defect of H. Our main result is an explicit formula for the defect of the Fourier matrix FG associated to an arbitrary finite abelian group G=ZN1×⋯×ZNr. We also comment on the general question “does the associated quantum permutation group see the defect”, with a probabilistic speculation involving Diaconis–Shahshahani type variables.
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