Abstract
BackgroundMissed abortion is a common occurrence for otherwise healthy women. Immunological factor is one of the most important reasons. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2) is a novel negative immune regulator related to several human diseases. However, the expression level and clinical significance of TIPE2 in missed abortion remain unclear.MethodsThe expression of TIPE2 mRNA and protein in decidua and chorion from 36 missed abortion patients and 36 healthy controls was detected using quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. In addition, serum TNF-ɑ and IL-10 levels were measured using flow cytometry. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay test. The correlations of TIPE2 protein levels with TNF-ɑ, IL-10, estradiol and progesterone were further analyzed.ResultsTIPE2 protein levels were significantly lower in decidual tissues of missed abortion patients than those in healthy controls. The patients with missed abortion had significantly higher levels of serum TNF-ɑ, and lower levels of serum IL-10, estradiol and progesterone compared with healthy controls. The TIPE2 protein levels were positively related to serum IL-10 levels.ConclusionOur data indicate TIPE2 could play important roles in maintaining the maternal-fetal tolerance and decreased TIPE2 expression in the decidua may be related to the development of missed abortion.
Highlights
Missed abortion is a common occurrence for otherwise healthy women
No significant differences in Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2) mRNA expression were observed in both decidua and chorion between the two groups (p > 0.05) (Fig. 1a and b)
The expression of TIPE2 protein in the decidua and chorion of missed abortion patients and healthy controls detected by western blot To investigate the expression status of TIPE2 proteins, we detected the protein levels of TIPE2 using western blot analysis in the decidua and chorion of missed abortion patients and healthy controls
Summary
Missed abortion is a common occurrence for otherwise healthy women. Immunological factor is one of the most important reasons. TIPE2, a member of the TNFAIP8 family, is a newly identified negative regulator of inflammation and immunity [1,2,3,4]. It is called TNF-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2) and highly expressed in murine inflamed tissues [1, 5]. Missed abortion is defined as the arrest of embryonic or fetal development with ultrasound findings of an empty gestational sac or an embryo/fetus without cardiac activity [16] It is a common occurrence for otherwise healthy women.
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