The decoration of TiO2/reduced graphene oxide by Pd and Pt nanoparticles for hydrogen gas sensing

Abstract

Abstract Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was used to improve the hydrogen sensing properties of Pd and Pt-decorated TiO2 nanoparticles by facile production routes. The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method and coupled on GO sheets via a photoreduction process. The Pd or Pt nanoparticles were decorated on the TiO2/RGO hybrid structures by chemical reduction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that GO reduction is done by the TiO2 nanoparticles and Ti–C bonds are formed between the TiO2 and the RGO sheets as well. Gas sensing was studied with different concentrations of hydrogen ranging from 100 to 10,000 ppm at various temperatures. High sensitivity (92%) and fast response time (less than 20 s) at 500 ppm of hydrogen were observed for the sample with low concentration of Pd (2 wt.%) decorated on the TiO2/RGO sample at a relatively low temperature (180 °C). The RGO sheets, by playing scaffold role in these hybrid structures, provide new pathways for gas diffusion and preferential channels for electrical current. Based on the proposed mechanisms, Pd/TiO2/RGO sample indicated better sensing performance compared to the Pt/TiO2/RGO. Greater rate of spill-over effect and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on Pd are considered as possible causes of the enhanced sensitivity in Pd/TiO2/RGO.