The decay of Hopf solitons in the Skyrme model

Abstract

It is understood that the Skyrme model has a topologically interesting baryonic excitation which can model nuclei. So far no stable knotted solutions, of the Skyrme model, have been found. Here we investigate the dynamics of Hopf solitons decaying to the vacuum solution in the Skyrme model. In doing this we develop a matrix-free numerical method to identify the minimum eigenvalue of the Hessian of the corresponding energy functional. We also show that as isospinning Hopf solitons decay, they emit a cloud of isospinning radiation.