Abstract
The efforts of the international community to build the green ships of the future, and modify the present ones, by decarbonizing them, were described. These efforts depend on the joint effort of 7 major global enterprises: marine engine manufacturers, energy providers, marine fuel suppliers, shipyards, classification societies, ports and charterers. To date, 5 fuels have been suggested: LNG, biofuels, ammonia, methanol and hydrogen. Shipowners are happy using the heavy fuel oil (HFO), which they employed for the last 38 years. This was a result of efforts made by engine manufacturers and fuel providers (the seven major oil companies), due to the sudden increases in fuel oil prices in 1973 and 1979. Technology provided more efficient engines, and cheaper new fuel. In 2005, the IMO terminated shipowners’ happiness by adopting Annex VI of the MARPOL 1973/1978 International Convention. Shipowners seek now the new fuel to have the following six properties: 1) cheap (as HFO), 2) safe, 3) compatible with the (new) engines, 4) available, 5) of high energy density, and 6) produced in adequate quantities. They most probably will get new fuel, but in the meantime, they have to build dearer, dual-fuel-ready ships, which comply with NOx Tier III regulations. Twenty-five projects are described, which attempted to decarbonize the planet, and shipping. The concept of increasing returns is reintroduced. Environment will improve by itself, we believe, during 2022 and thereafter, due to COVID-19 and the present energy crisis. Nations need to resort to Renewable sources of Energy immediately, and in any event, by 2050. But will the energy crisis act as a brake on economic development?
Highlights
In the past, shipping, and other industries, considered that the sea is available free and capable of absorbing any kind and quantity of pollution1
These efforts depend on the joint effort of 7 major global enterprises: marine engine manufacturers, energy providers, marine fuel suppliers, shipyards, classification societies, ports and charterers
Shipowners are happy using the heavy fuel oil (HFO), which they employed for the last 38 years. This was a result of efforts made by engine manufacturers and fuel providers, due to the sudden increases in fuel oil prices in 1973 and 1979
Summary
In the past, shipping, and other industries, considered that the sea is available free and capable of absorbing any kind and quantity of pollution. The EU proposed the extension of its Emissions Trading System (ETS) to include shipping This is a new climate plan, where EU ETS19 will cover about 90 m. 150 maritime leaders (the Global Maritime Forum—GMF20), at the end of 2021, demanded that governments set a target of zero GHGs emissions by 2050, providing incentives under the slogan: “Call to action for shipping decarbonization”. The importance of this research is due to a number of fundamental reasons: 1) the decarbonization of shipping/maritime industry will improve the global climate. The further contribution of this research is really that a number of complex issues are discussed for the first time like decarbonization, the new fuels, maritime and general environmental issues
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
