Abstract
Over the last three decades, scholarly study of Jesus' crucifixion shifted from concern over who killed Jesus, to the question why Jesus was put to death on a Roman cross. The New Testament materials testify to Jesus' crucifixion with references to the crucifixion especially in the speeches in Acts, and through information scattered throughout the letters and the Apocalypse. This chapter explores the motivations for and the meaning of Jesus' death from three perspectives: that represented by the Jewish leadership in Jerusalem, the viewpoint of the Empire and its representatives, and the understanding of Jesus himself. These three categories are not so discrete as author's characterization might imply, but organizing relevant considerations in this way will remind us that multiple human characters or groups were required to bring about Jesus' death, that his execution served multiple aims, and that the one event, Jesus' crucifixion, could be comprehended in distinct ways. Keywords:Apocalypse; crucifixion; death of Jesus; Jerusalem; Jewish; new Testament; Roman cross
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