Abstract
The affective profiles model is based on the combination of individuals’ experience of high/low positive affect and high/low negative affect: self-fulfilling, high affective, low affective, and self-destructive. We used the profiles as the backdrop for the investigation of individual differences in malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism). A total of 1,000 participants (age: M = 31.50 SD = 10.27, 667 males and 333 females), recruited through Amazons’ Mechanical Turk (MTurk), responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Individuals with a high affective profile reported higher degree of narcissism than those with any other profile, and together with individuals with a self-destructive profile, also higher degree of Machiavellianism and psychopathy than individuals with a low affective and self-fulfilling profile. Males scored higher in Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Together with earlier findings, our results show that while individuals in both the self-fulfilling and high affective profiles are extrovert and self-directed, only those in the high affective profile express an immature and malevolent character (i.e., high levels of all Dark Triad traits). Conversely, individuals in the self-fulfilling profile have earlier reported higher levels of cooperativeness and faith. More importantly, the unique association between high levels of positive emotions and narcissism and the unified association between negative emotions to both psychopathy and Machiavellianism imply a dyad rather than a triad of malevolent character traits.
Highlights
Positive and negative affect are seen as opposite ends of a single continuum
Positive and negative affect represent general biobehavioral systems: positive affect is related to the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) or sensitivity to reward as well as approach motivation, while negative affect is related to the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) or sensitivity to signals of punishment as well as avoidance motivation (Gray, 1981; Watson, 2002; Watson, Wiese, Vaidya, & Tellegen, 1999)
The findings presented here, suggest that both high and low neuroticism might be found in individuals high in psychopathy, suggesting the probability of both a emotionally stable and a emotionally instable psychopath
Summary
Positive and negative affect are seen as opposite ends of a single continuum (i.e., as being unidimensional). Researchers (e.g., Garcia, 2012; Garcia, Kerekes, Andersson-Arntén, & Archer, 2012; Garcia, Schütz, & Archer, 2015; Jimmefors et al, 2014) have focused on differences between profiles with regard to personality measures using models such as the Big Five model (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and Cloninger’s psychobiological model (Temperament and Character Inventory; Cloninger, Svrakic, & Przybeck, 1993) As hypothesized by these researchers, individuals with a self-fulfilling profile scored high in selfdirectedness, high in cooperativeness, high in persistence, high in extraversion, high in self-regulatory strategies defined as locomotion or a “just-do-it” mentality, and happiness-increasing strategies related to agency (e.g., frequently exercising, active leisure, goal-pursuit), communion (e.g., helping others, receiving help from others), and spirituality (e.g., seek support in faith). Individuals with a low affective profile were high in self-directedness, high in harm avoidance, and high in the self-regulatory strategy of assessment
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