Abstract
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is among the heart diseases which accounted for > 54% of deaths world-wide in 2013 in a World Health Organizations report. CHF patients most often have a more sensitized carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor than normal. CB neural output stimulates output from the sympathetic nervous system. Increased CB output in CHF has in animal models been attributed to a loss of shear stress on the luminal surfaces of the CBs' vascular endothelial cells.
Highlights
The central nervous system (CNS) needs input from the peripheral receptors to participate in maintaining appropriate homeostasis
Noteworthy is the fact that the carotid body (CB) and the baroreceptors send their neural outputs via fibers in a branch of the same nerve, the glossopharyngeal, through the petrosal ganglion and on to the bilateral Nucleus tractus solitarii in the medulla
Inasmuch as the organism cannot survive without oxygen for more than 4-5 minutes without doing irreversible damage to tissues, especially neural tissue, it seems that the most important receptor is that for detecting oxygen levels in the blood, the CB
Summary
The Damaging Impact of Chronic Heart Failure on A Critical Interoreceptor and the Therapy for it Robert S Fitzgerald*. Departments of Environmental Health and Engineering, of Physiology, and of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, USA
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