The Cytotoxicity and Nephroprotective Activity of the Ethanol Extracts of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi Stems and Leaves against the NAPQI-Induced Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) Cell Line.

Riezki Amalia,Jutti Levita,Anisa Pebiansyah,Diah Lia Aulifa,Dichy Nuryadin Zain,Oana Cioanca

doi:10.1155/2021/6458265

Abstract

Materials and Methods A. keiskei Koidzumi plant was collected from Mount Rinjani, Lombok, Indonesia, and was identified at the School of Biology Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. Extraction of the stems (ASE) and leaves (ALE) was performed by employing ethanol 70% for 3 × 24 h at 26°C. The cytotoxicity study of the extracts was assessed using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 (WST-8) reagent on the HEK293 cell line, while the nephroprotective activity assay was determined on the NAPQI-induced HEK293 cell line. Results The WST-8 assay showed that the cytotoxicity IC50 of ASE = 2322 μg/mL and IC50 of ALE = 2283 μg/mL. The nephroprotective activity assay revealed that ASE possesses nephroprotective activity against the NAPQI-induced HEK293 cell line at 1161 μg/mL, while ALE does not show the nephroprotective activity. Conclusion Taken together, lower concentrations of ASE and ALE (<2000 μg/mL) are not toxic to the HEK293 cell line, and only ASE indicates the activity to protect the HEK293 cell line against NAPQI damage. This Japanese celery could be further explored for its potential as a plant-based nephroprotective drug.

Highlights

IntroductionKidney injury arises when its physiological functions, detoxification, and excretion do not perform properly. is dysfunction is usually caused by exogenous, e.g., drugs (antiinflammatories, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutics), or endogenous toxicants (oxidative stress products such as reactive oxygen species due to intracellular catabolism and activation of oxidative enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase)[1,2,3,4]
Kidney injury arises when its physiological functions, detoxification, and excretion do not perform properly. is dysfunction is usually caused by exogenous, e.g., drugs, or endogenous toxicants[1,2,3,4]
We investigated the cytotoxicity and nephroprotective activity of the ethanol extract of A. keiskei Koidzumi on the N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) induced human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line

Summary

Introduction

Kidney injury arises when its physiological functions, detoxification, and excretion do not perform properly. is dysfunction is usually caused by exogenous, e.g., drugs (antiinflammatories, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutics), or endogenous toxicants (oxidative stress products such as reactive oxygen species due to intracellular catabolism and activation of oxidative enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase)[1,2,3,4]. Is dysfunction is usually caused by exogenous, e.g., drugs (antiinflammatories, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutics), or endogenous toxicants (oxidative stress products such as reactive oxygen species due to intracellular catabolism and activation of oxidative enzymes, e.g., superoxide dismutase). Acetaminophen, an anti-inflammatory drug, when taken in excess, can lead to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to glutathione (GSH) depletion in the liver; the reactive metabolite of acetaminophen, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), is not conjugated [5]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine and can be determined as nephrotoxic biomarkers [1]. Such biomarkers, e.g., neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and calprotectin, are used as an early diagnosis of acute and chronic kidney injury [6, 7]. Angelica keiskei Koidzumi or ashitaba (a Japanese word which means tomorrow leaf ) has been believed in improving health, protecting the liver and kidney system, and achieving longevity. is plant has shown many pharmacology activities; among them is as antioxidants [9,10,11]

Methods

Results

Conclusion