Abstract
Several efforts have been made to discover new anticancer agents based on natural ingredients. Meanwhile, previous studies have shown that different Pine genus species exhibit cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cells. This plant is rich in phenolic compounds, especially procyanidins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Pinus merkusii needles extract on HeLa cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity assessment was measured using MTT assay and expressed as IC50 value. The results showed that the ethanolic extract poses a dose and time-dependent cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 542.5 µg/ml at 48 hours of incubation. Based on this result, Pinus merkusii needles’ ethanolic extract has the potential of a novel candidate for an anticancer agent.
Highlights
Cancer is a complex disease characterized by aberrant cell growth and invasion of neighboring cells as well as tissues, which contributes to the causes of mortality and morbidity globally [1,2]
The cytotoxic activity of the needle ethanolic extract of P. merkusii was evaluated by MTT assay
The MTT result showed that treated HeLa cells' cytotoxicity increased gradually with P. merkusii needles extract (PMNE) concentration and incubation time
Summary
Cancer is a complex disease characterized by aberrant cell growth and invasion of neighboring cells as well as tissues, which contributes to the causes of mortality and morbidity globally [1,2]. Uncontrolled multiplication of normal cells leads to an accumulation of genetic instabilities and changes that transform into malignant cells with the potential of being metastatic These genetic mutations are evoked by external factors such as smoking, tobacco, radiation, environmental pollution, heavy metals, and microbial infections, and internal factors such as multiple genetic reasons, hormonal disorders, and immune system [1,2, 5]. The World Health Organization stated that plant products are consumed by approximately 80% of Africans and Asians as traditional medicines Some of these plant compounds show anticancer activity and are considered safer with less unexpected harmful effects. More than 60% of the current anticancer drugs are derived from natural products [7,8]
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