Abstract
During active cation transport, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, like other P-type ATPases, undergoes major conformational changes, some of which are dependent on Ca2+ binding to high affinity transport sites. We here report that, in addition to previously described residues of the transmembrane region (Clarke, D. M., Loo, T. W., Inesi, G., and MacLennan, D. H. (1989) Nature 339, 476-478), the region located in the cytosolic L6-7 loop connecting transmembrane segments M6 and M7 has a definite influence on the sensitivity of the Ca2+-ATPase to Ca2+, i.e. on the affinity of the ATPase for Ca2+. Cluster mutation of aspartic residues in this loop results in a strong reduction of the affinity for Ca2+, as shown by the Ca2+ dependence of ATPase phosphorylation from either ATP or Pi. The reduction in Ca2+ affinity for phosphorylation from Pi is observed both at acidic and neutral pH, suggesting that these mutations interfere with binding of the first Ca2+, as proposed for some of the intramembranous residues essential for Ca2+ binding (Andersen, J. P. (1995) Biosci. Rep. 15, 243-261). Treatment of the mutated Ca2+-ATPase with proteinase K, in the absence or presence of various Ca2+ concentrations, leads to Ca2+-dependent changes in the proteolytic degradation pattern similar to those in the wild type but observed only at higher Ca2+ concentrations. This implies that these effects are not due to changes in the conformational state of Ca2+-free ATPase but that changes affecting the proteolytic digestion pattern require higher Ca2+ concentrations. We conclude that aspartic residues in the L6-7 loop might interact with Ca2+ during the initial steps of Ca2+ binding.
Highlights
Ʈ Present address: Biologie Cellulaire et Reproduction, UPRESA6026 CNRS, Universitede Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
According to a topological model based on both sequence-derived predictions and experimental proteinchemical data, 70% of the polypeptide consists of two cytosolic domains connected to the membrane-embedded part by a stalk of putative helices
Further experiments showed that the five residues in M4, M5, and M6 were critical for occlusion in the presence of Cr-ATP [27], but not Glu-908, which was considered to be involved in the initial recognition of the Ca2ϩ ions but not in its final intramembranous binding [10, 28]
Summary
Ʈ Present address: Biologie Cellulaire et Reproduction, UPRESA6026 CNRS, Universitede Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France. Residues critical for Ca2ϩ binding and transport were not found in the stalk sector, despite the fact that this region has a large content of acid residues [25]. Instead, such residues are clustered in the transmembrane domain, in M4 (Glu-309), M5 (Glu-771), M6 (Asn-796, Thr-799, and Asp-800) and M8 (Glu-908) [26]. Further experiments showed that the five residues in M4, M5, and M6 were critical for occlusion in the presence of Cr-ATP [27], but not Glu-908, which was considered to be involved in the initial recognition of the Ca2ϩ ions but not in its final intramembranous binding [10, 28]. It is noteworthy that in gastric Hϩ,Kϩ-ATPase, residues Glu-837 and Asp-839, which correspond to Asp-813 and Asp-815 in Ca2ϩ-ATPase, were found to render the ATPase unphosphorylatable by ATP when mutated to glutamine and asparagine residues, respectively [33]
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