Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the content of cytokines, chemokines, and oxidative stress markers in the pancreas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKYs) serving as controls. Enzyme-like immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biochemical methods were used to measure pancreatic levels of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, RANES, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, malondialdehyde, and sulfhydryl groups. The results showed that the pancreatic concentrations of all studied cytokines and chemokines did not differ between 5-week-old SHRs and WKYs, except RANTES which was significantly reduced in juvenile SHRs. In 10-week-old animals, except interleukin-1ß, the levels of all these proteins were significantly reduced in SHRs. The pancreatic levels of malondialdehyde were significantly reduced in 5-week-old SHRs and significantly elevated in 10-week-old SHRs while the contents of sulfhydryl groups were similar in both rat strains at any age studied. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that in maturating SHRs, the pancreatic levels of cytokines and chemokines are significantly reduced, while malondialdehyde significantly elevated. This suggests that in the pancreas of mature SHRs, the inflammation process is suppressed but there is ongoing oxidative damage.
Highlights
It is generally known that the pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine organ
The concentration of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β) was significantly lower in 10-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) when compared to age-matched Wistar Kyoto Rat (WKY) (Fig. 1b–d)
The results show that the pancreatic levels of cytokines and/or chemokines did not differ in juvenile animals of both rat strains but they are significantly reduced in maturating SHRs
Summary
It is generally known that the pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine organ These functions are performed by acinar cells responsible for secretion of the pancreatic juice containing various digestive enzymes and endocrine cells responsible for release of pancreatic hormones such as glucagon (α cells); insulin, amylin, and C-peptide (β cells); pancreatic polypeptide (γ cells); somatostatin (δ cells); and ghrelin (ɛ cells) [7, 13, 33, 72]. Pancreatic hormones play especially an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis [61] Dysfunctions of this organ usually lead to diabetes mellitus. Irregular pancreatic morphology associated with the decrease in the number of insulin-producing β cells was observed in diabetic patients [9, 17, 37, 49]. Many years ago, Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol (2019) 471:1331–1340 a relationship between acute pancreatitis and malignant hypertension with renal failure was demonstrated [5]
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