The Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Tinos, Greece: Cold NE Subduction and SW Directed Extrusion of the Cycladic Continental Margin Under the Tsiknias Ophiolite

Abstract

AbstractHigh pressure‐low temperature (HP‐LT) metamorphic rocks structurally beneath the Tsiknias Ophiolite make up the interior of Tinos Island, Greece, but their relationship with the overlying ophiolite is poorly understood. Here, new field observations are integrated with petrological modeling of eclogite and blueschists to provide new insight into their tectonothermal evolution. Pseudomorphed lawsonite‐, garnet‐, and glaucophane‐bearing schists exposed at the highest structural levels of Tinos (Kionnia and Pyrgos Subunits) reached ~22–26 kbar and 490–520°C under water‐saturated conditions, whereas pseudomorphed lawsonite‐ and aegirine‐omphacite bearing eclogite reached ~20–23 kbar and 530–570°C. These rocks are separated from rocks at deeper structural levels (Sostis Subunit) by a top‐to‐SW thrust. The Sostis Subunit records P‐T conditions of ~18.5 kbar and 480–510°C and is overprinted by pervasive top‐to‐NE shearing that developed during exhumation from (M1) blueschist to (M2) greenschist facies conditions of ~7.3 ± 0.7 kbar and 536 ± 16°C. These P‐T‐D relationships suggest that the Cycladic Blueschist Unit represents a discrete series of tectonometamorphic subunits that each experienced different tectonic and thermal histories. These subunits were buried to variable depths and sequentially extruded toward the SW from a NE dipping subduction zone. The difference in age and P‐T conditions between the HP‐LT rocks and the overlying metamorphic sole of the Tsiknias Ophiolite suggests that this NE dipping subduction zone was active between circa 74 and 46 Ma and cooled at a minimum rate of ~1.2–1.5°C/km/Myr prior to continent‐continent collision between Eurasia and Adria/Cyclades.