The current status and prospects of research on orphan G protein-coupled receptor

Abstract

This review provides an overview of the current status and prospects of research on orphan G protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs). It begins by discussing the classification and structure of GPCRs and then delves into the methods used to identify and characterize ligands for oGPCRs, including ligand screening strategies, correlation analysis, functional analysis techniques, and interaction evaluations. The review further examines the functionality and de-orphanization research of specific oGPCRs, such as GPR35, GPR55, GPR75, and GPR88. It discusses their basic information, signalling pathways, research on endogenous agonists, and their associations with diseases and physiological activities. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion of future directions and prospects for research on oGPCRs, emphasizing the importance of understanding receptor functionality and signalling pathways for drug development.