Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the extremely communicable viral infection coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19). Initially the virus was found at Wuhan, china which spread across the world exponentially and in a very short span. This outbreak has turned out to be a global health crisis and recently WHO regarded it as pandemic. The origin of the virus is predicted as either the natural selection in animal host prior to the transfer of the pathogen from animals to humans or the natural selection in humans and following transfer. Nevertheless, there is an extensive spread of virus by human to human transfer in the form of droplets. A few antiviral drugs are at the stage of clinical trials to eradicate the covid-19. In this review, a comprehensive approach is put forth to scrutinise the etiology, pathogenicity and transmission of SARS CoV-2. The review also deliberates broadly on the diagnosis and status of therapeutic treatment developed. It also focuses on the preventive and controlling measures from different sectors of the society. The review covers the details reported in 70 studies which were chosen after keyword searches carried out leading to over 884 resulting articles.
Highlights
The world has witnessed an array of contagious outbreaks since time immemorial
Owing to the health and economic crisis it has created around the globe from a past few months, it can be declared that covid-19 is one of the most pernicious outbreaks of all time [6]
It was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) on 11th February 2020 which is called as covid-19 [12]
Summary
The world has witnessed an array of contagious outbreaks since time immemorial. These outbreaks were caused by a series of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens [1]. An exotic animal market in Wuhan city became the centre of the outbreak and there was a rapid increase in the rate of transmission [11] This led to an immediate examination to characterise the cause of the disease and was identified to be due to novel coronavirus (nCoV). As it was designed to highlight the available therapeutics, preventive and control measures, a systematic search was conducted using two major databases Both Google Scholar and PubMed were used to identify published studies related with details about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-1 (SARS-CoV-1), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARSCoV-2). It was first recognised in Wuhan China and the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak with an official name covid-19 on 11 February 2020 This virus causes the upper-respiratory tract illness, which was not found to be infecting humans when first identified [23].
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