The current state and future direction of DoD gut microbiome research: a summary of the first DoD gut microbiome informational meeting

Jason W. Soares,Kenneth Racicot,C. A. P. T. Mark Riddle,Fredrick Gregory,Nancy Kelley Loughnane,Linda Chrisey,Michael Goodson,Keith Whitaker,Rasha Hammamieh,Robert Kokoska,Steven Arcidiacono,C. P. T. Blair C. R. Dancy,J. Philip Karl

doi:10.1186/s40793-018-0308-0

Abstract

The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as integral to human health, and is emerging as a mediator of human physical and cognitive performance. This has led to the recognition that US Department of Defense (DoD) research supporting a healthy and resilient gut microbiome will be critical to optimizing the health and performance of future Warfighters. To facilitate knowledge dissemination and collaboration, identify resource capabilities and gaps, and maximize the positive impact of gut microbiome research on the Warfighter, DoD partners in microbiome research participated in a 2-day informational meeting co-hosted by the Natick Soldier Research, Engineering and Development Center (NSRDEC) and the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) on 16–17 November 2015. Attendee presentations and discussions demonstrated that multiple DoD organizations are actively advancing gut microbiome research. Common areas of research included the influence of military-relevant stressors on interactions between the microbiome and Warfighter biology, manipulation of the microbiome to influence Warfighter health, and use of the microbiome as a biomarker of Warfighter health status. Although resources and capabilities are available, they vary across laboratories and it was determined that centralizing certain DoD capabilities could accelerate progress. More significantly, the meeting created a foundation for a coordinated gut microbiome and nutrition research program aligning key DoD partners in the area of microbiome research. This report details the presentations and discussions presented during the 1st DoD Gut Microbiome Informational Meeting.

Highlights

The human body hosts trillions of microorganisms, whose collective genetic composition is collectively known as the human microbiome [1–3]
The gut microbiome is emerging as one factor that may mediate the effects of these stressors on Warfighter health and performance
The 1st Department of Defense (DoD) Gut Microbiome Informational Meeting on nutrition and gut microbiome research included presentations and discussion among DoD scientists working in the field

Summary

Introduction

The human body hosts trillions of microorganisms, whose collective genetic composition is collectively known as the human microbiome [1–3]. The human gut microbiome comprises a diverse, dense and active microbial ecosystem, known as a microbiota, that resides in the gastrointestinal tract [1] and largely co-exists in a mutualistic relationship with the host. The composition and activity of gut microbes are modulated by changes in host diet and Arcidiacono et al Standards in Genomic Sciences (2018) 13:5. There is growing recognition within the US Department of Defense (DoD) that research supporting a healthy and resilient gut microbiome will be critical for optimizing the health and performance of future Warfighters [12]. Since the gut microbiome is integral to health, and malleable and strongly influenced by the host diet, nutrition-based interventions could provide novel, low-cost strategies for optimizing Warfighter health and performance through modulation of the gut microbiome

Objectives

Conclusion